Universal Joint System

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a universal joint system for use in cardan shafts, especially in heavy duty cardan shafts. Said universal joint system comprises a journal cross-assembly mounted in double yokes, the individual yoke comprising two yoke parts. Every yoke part comprises a base part and a bearing part, the yoke parts being positively interlinkable in the area of their base parts in coupling areas constituting coupling surfaces. The base parts of the yoke parts, on their coupling surface pointing to the base part of the respective other yoke part in the area of their outer periphery, have a first toothed section that is complementary thereto. The extensions of at least one tooth trace characterizing the first toothed section form an angle of &gt;0° to &lt;180° with a plane which is produced by the journal axis of the journal mounted in a yoke part and a yoke axis that is concurrent with a rotational axis of the yoke. In the area of the yoke axis, a second toothed section is provided at an angle to the first toothed section. According to the invention, the individual base part is configured as a full flange and joins the bearing part in a flush manner. The journal cross-assembly comprises two journal systems, offset from each other by 90°, and formed by two journals that are offset from each other by 180° and disposed on a common axis and in parallel planes. Every bearing part is provided with a blind bore for receiving the journals.

The present invention relates to a universal joint system, specificallyhaving the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Universal joint systems for use in cardan shafts for different intendedpurposes are previously known in various embodiments from the prior art.These comprise a flange driver having two joint yoke halves and ajournal cross. The flange drivers may in turn be implemented indifferent ways. In this case, embodiments of flange drivers in dividedform in the area of the base part are previously known. Reference ismade to the publications cited in the following as representatives:

1. EP 0 206 026 A1

2. DE 43 13 141 C2

3. DE 100 37 866 A1

These allow the design of one-piece and dimensionally stable bearingeyes, which remain a component of the adjoining yoke arm as in anundivided joint yoke, via which the force transmission to the bearingbore occurs. In this way, there is no interruption of the force flow tothe specific most highly stressed parts of the joint yoke. The point ofseparation situated in the plane of symmetry between the bearing boreand the joint yoke is in the area of lower stress, which has hardly anyinfluence on the force transmission. The systems offer the advantage ofgood embedding of the bearing in the bearing bore, very easy mounting,and an increase of the torque capacity and bearing carrying capacity.Simultaneously, joint yokes implemented as divided offer significantadvantages in the unmachined part design and processing. In theembodiment described in EP 0 206 026 A1, the joint yoke halves each havea flange part which has formfitting elements on its side directed awayfrom the journal cross axis, so that a formfitting connection isproduced with the shaft which is driven or to be driven or the lineshaft to be coupled to the joint yoke halves. In addition, removableconnections are provided between the flange part and the particularattachment element, preferably in the form of a line shaft, for example,using anti-fatigue bolts. The coupling faces implemented on the jointyoke halves are situated essentially parallel to one another and havediametrically opposing wedge grooves in the middle area. Rectangularwedges are introduced into these wedge grooves. These are used above allto prevent shifting of the individual joint yoke halves toward oneanother parallel to the journal axis of the particular journal mountedin the joint yoke. Avoiding the relative movement of the joint yokehalves perpendicular to the journal axis may not be implemented usingthis achievement of the object. The joint yoke halves also may not bepre-tensioned against one another. In reversing operation in particular,individual areas of the joint yoke halves lift off at some points underthe influence of the peripheral force. The lifting off causes a relativemovement of the formfitting elements toward the recesses on theadjoining line shaft, which in turn results in the occurrence ofcavities in which moisture and leakage water may collect. This resultsin the occurrence of corrosion which may also be forced by themicromovements of the joint yoke halves. This set of problems must betaken into consideration especially for use in heavy duty cardan shaftsbecause of the higher peripheral forces. To achieve this object,according to DE 43 13 141 C2, an embodiment having front serrations onthe flange bottom and teeth in the area of the partition faces issuggested to implement a formfitting connection between the two jointyoke halves. The teeth, which are preferably implemented as linear frontteeth having diagonal flanks, are designed in such a way that theextensions of the flank lines of the teeth or, if spiral teeth areselected, the secants through both end points of the flank lines form anangle of >0° to <80° with a plane spanned by the joint axis and thejournal axis. The joint axis is typically in the plane of symmetrybetween the two joint yoke halves and is perpendicular to the journalaxis of the journal mounted in the joint yoke. The joint axis isunderstood in this case as the axis of rotation which is coincident withthe axis of rotation of a cardan shaft. Through the clamping of theflanks, a relative movement between the joint yoke halves perpendicularto the journal axis is nearly precluded. However, the danger of smallcracks on the tooth base after a long period of operation also exists inthis embodiment. In particular in embodiments of flange drivers havingclosed bearing eyes, i.e., embodiments of the bearing parts having ablind bore for receiving the bearing system for the journal cross, whichare intended for transmitting even higher torques, there is a specialdanger. Therefore, it is suggested in the publication DE 100 37 866 A1that the teeth described from the publication DE 43 13 141 C2 only besituated in the radially external area of the coupling faces between thetwo joint yoke halves, in relation to the joint yoke axis, and furthersecond teeth additionally be provided in the more strongly stressedareas, which is characterized in that the second teeth are oriented atan angle to the first teeth. This is preferably characterized in thatthe extension of one or more flank lines or—in an embodiment as spiralteeth—the extensions of a secant through the end points of the flanklines of the second teeth are situated at an angle between 70° and 110°to the extension of the flank lines of the first teeth. Preferably, theflank lines and/or their extensions and, with spiral teeth, the secantsthrough the end points of the flank lines are oriented essentiallyperpendicular to the flank lines and/or the secants of the first teeth.Furthermore, means for clamping the two joint yoke halves against oneanother are provided.

Precisely in highly strained universal joint systems, as is the case forthe use of heavy duty cardan shafts, for driving rolling mills, forexample, it is especially important also to adapt the entire universaljoint system in regard to its dimensioning and design to the load inorder to achieve the highest possible service life. The cited measureson the coupling faces in regard to the connection to the attachmentelements may be a component in this case, but are typically notsufficient, since precisely the highly loaded areas are to be designedcorrespondingly, which is in turn reflected in an enlargement of theoverall space required, in particular in an enlargement of the universaljoint diameter.

The present invention is thus based on the object of providing auniversal joint system for use in cardan shafts, in particular heavyduty cardan shafts, which is characterized by a low overall spacerequirement in regard to the loads arising, and also by simpleproduction and mounting. The optimization outlay is to be minimized asmuch as possible.

The achievement of the object according to the present invention ischaracterized by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments aredescribed in the subclaims.

According to the present invention, the universal joint system for usein cardan shafts, in particular heavy duty cardan shafts, ischaracterized by multiple features which allow especially advantageousproperties in combination. The universal joint system comprises ajournal cross which is mounted in two joint yokes situated 90° offset toone another. Each joint yoke comprises two joint yoke parts, each jointyoke part comprising a base part and a bearing part for receiving themounting of the journals of the journal cross. The joint yoke parts areconnectable to one another in a formfitting way in the area of theirbase parts in coupling areas, which form coupling faces. The base partsof the joint yoke parts have first teeth, which are complementary to oneanother, on their coupling faces pointing toward the base parts of theparticular other joint yoke part in the area of the externalcircumference. The extension of at least one flank line characterizingthe first teeth on the coupling faces or, with spiral teeth, theextension of the secants through the end points of the flank line forman angle of >0° to <180° with a plane which is formed by the journalaxis of the journal mounted in the joint yoke part and a joint yoke axiscoincident with an axis of rotation of the joint yoke. Moreover, furthersecond teeth are provided on the coupling faces, which point toward oneanother, in the area of the joint yoke axis. These run at an angle tothe first teeth. In particular, the extensions of the flank linesdescribing the orientation of the teeth or, with implementation asspiral teeth, the extension of a secant through the end points of aflank lines of the second teeth are situated at an angle between 70° and110°, inclusive, to the extension of the flank lines to the first teethor, with spiral teeth, to the extension of a secant through the endpoints of a flank lines of the first teeth. The individual face part isimplemented according to the present invention as an integral flange andadjoins the bearing part without steps. It is thus possible tomanufacture the individual joint yoke halves and/or the joint yoke as acast part in an especially compact construction, free of undercuts orother steps. The most highly loaded areas are thus characterized by anappropriate material thickness, which results solely through theimplementation as an integral flange, so that no additional measures arerequired in relation to the known joint yoke embodiments, but rather thepositive properties are already provided here with the shaping. Theproportion of the toothed area becomes larger and the means for clampingthe two joint yoke parts of a joint yoke are laid in the center ofgravity area of the teeth. The clamping in relation to the joint yokeaxis G thus occurs in the radial direction, i.e., perpendicular thereto,and/or parallel to the journal axis of the journal mounted in the jointyoke. The means for clamping are then also situated in the areasdesigned later and are no longer, as in the related art having flangeimplementation, in the constricted and thus most highly loaded area. Themeans comprise coupling bolts in the simplest case. The coupling boltsin the center of the teeth cause, in relation to the embodiment from theprior art, a uniform load of the teeth and exploitation of the boltcapacity. With a diameter which remains uniform, the joint yoke halvesthus designed may thus be loaded more.

There are manifold possibilities in regard to the orientation of theteeth. Preferably, the extensions of the flank lines of the first teethor, with spiral teeth, the secants through the points of the flank linesare oriented running perpendicular to a plane which is formed by thejournal axis of the journal mounted in the joint yoke and a joint yokeaxis coincident with the axis of rotation of the joint yoke. Relativemovements in the microrange may thus be prevented in these twodirections to one another.

The journal cross itself comprises two journal systems, situated offsetto one another by 90°, made of two journals situated offset to oneanother by 180° and on a shared axis, which are situated in planesparallel to one another. The mounting of the journals in the joint yokehalves is performed in the individual bearing parts of the joint yokehalves, these bearing parts being implemented with a blind bore toreceive the journals. Overall space for an even stiffer bearingenvironment is opened up by the offset of the journal planes. Thisallows bearings and journal crosses to be implemented having even largerdiameters. Furthermore, the yoke of the complementary flange driver,i.e., the joint yoke the particular other journal system of the journalcross, does not plunge so deep, so that in turn additional overall spacefor the teeth results. The axial offset of two journal systems in auniversal joint yoke having journals situated offset in differentplanes, each two journals offset by 180° to one another forming ajournal system and being characterized by a joint journal axis, is inthe range from Rota/5 through Rota/7 inclusive, Rota characterizing therotational diameter of the universal joint system. A stiff attachmentconstruction is thus ensured for the mounting, which particularly meetsthe requirements for the transmission of very high torques and avoids asmuch as possible deformations precisely in the area of the bearing eyes,which have an especially disadvantageous effect on the carrying capacityof the bearings.

There are also multiple possibilities in regard to the concretearrangement of the coupling faces, the coupling faces of the first andsecond teeth of each joint yoke part preferably being situated in ashared plane. However, an offset is also conceivable, i.e., anarrangement in planes parallel to one another or even in planes whichoccupy an angle. According to an especially advantageous embodiment,however, a variation having implementation of both sets of teeth on ajoint yoke part in one plane is selected, since this achievement of theobject is distinguished by the least manufacturing outlay.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, each individual facepart carries, on the front side of the base part pointing away from thebearing part, means for coupling to complementary means on theattachment element for torque transmission to the attachment element andfor centering of attachment element and joint yoke halves to avoid arelative movement in a plane which lies in the coupling area between thejoint yoke halves and the attachment element and is orientedperpendicular to the plane which is formed by the journal axis of thejournal mounted in the joint yoke part and the joint yoke axiscoincident with the axis of rotation of the joint yoke. The means areimplemented at least in segments over the entire circumference on thefront side of the base part pointing away from the bearing part andcomprise axially oriented front teeth running in the radial directionthere. Furthermore, the means preferably comprise blind bores carryingthreads on the base part, which are oriented parallel to the yoke axis.In addition, at least one connection means is provided for clamping thetwo joint yoke halves in the axial direction i.e., against one another.This extends through the integral flange. According to the presentinvention, the connection means are laid in the center of the secondteeth, so that a uniform load of the teeth results especiallyadvantageously upon clamping.

According to the present invention, the theoretical space available fortorque transmission, which results through the contour of a universaljoint system, is exploited optimally by implementation as aquasi-integral element. It is thus possible to transmit larger torqueswith uniform or higher service life using identical available overallspace.

The achievement of the object according to the present invention isexplained in the following on the basis of figures. Specifically, in thefigures:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic, simplified illustration of the construction ofthe universal joint system designed according to the present inventionfor use in heavy duty cardan shafts;

FIG. 2 shows the implementation of the journal cross designed accordingto the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows the design shown in FIG. 1 in the disassembled state.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic, simplified illustration of the construction ofa universal joint system 1 for use in heavy duty cardan shafts. This isreproduced in the disassembled state without the bearing system in FIG.3. The universal joint system 1 comprises two joint yokes 2 and 3situated offset by 90° to one another, which are used for mounting ajournal cross 4. The journal cross 4 is implemented according to thepresent invention as a journal cross having journals situated in offsetplanes. The planes are situated parallel. The journal cross 4 is shownin a schematic, simplified illustration in FIG. 2. This comprises twojournals 5.1, 5.2 and 6.1, 6.2 in each case, which are situated offsetto one another by 180° and each form a journal system, both journals5.1, 5.2 of a first journal system and 6.1, 6.2 of a second journalsystem being situated on a shared journal axis 7 or 8, respectively. Thetwo journal axes 7 and 8 are situated offset by 90° to one another andare situated in parallel planes. The journal cross 4 may be implementedin one piece or may comprise two individual parts assembled with oneanother to form the structural unit of the journal cross 4, eachindividual part being characterized by a journal pair, situated on ajournal axis 7 or 8 and forming the particular journal system, made ofthe journals 5.1, 5.2 or 6.1, 6.2, respectively. Furthermore, each jointyoke 2, 3 is implemented in a divided embodiment. These comprise twojoint yoke parts 9.1, 9.2 for the joint yoke 2 and 10.1 and 10.2 for thejoint yoke 3, preferably in the form of joint yoke halves. Each yokepart 9.1, 9.2 or 10.1, 10.3 [sic; 10.2] comprises a flange part 11.1 forthe yoke part 9.1 and 11.2 for the yoke part 9.2 and 12.1 for the yokepart 10.1 and 12.2 for the yoke part 10.2. Bearing parts 13.1, 13.2,14.1, 14.2 adjoin the flange parts 11.1, 11.2 and 12.1, 12.2,respectively. Each bearing part carries a blind bore 15.1 or 15.2 formounting the journals 5.1 and 5.2 and 16.1, 16.2 for the journals 6.1,6.2 of the journal cross 4. The flange parts 11.1, 11.2 and 12.1, 12.2are implemented according to the present invention as an integralflange. This means that, in the area of the external diameter or in thearea of the external circumference, the individual flange part 11.1,11.2 or 12.1, 12.2 passes directly into the bearing part 13.1 or 13.2,respectively, without a step. A local constriction or step in relationto the bearing part 13.1, 13.2 or 14.1, 14.2 is not provided. Theconcrete embodiment in the disassembled state for the joint yoke 2 isshown in FIG. 3. The two yoke parts 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, the flangeparts 11.1, 11.2 and 12.1, 12.2 as well as the bearing parts 13.1, 13.2,14.1, 14.2 connected thereto are shown therein. Furthermore, the blindbores 15.2, 16.1 for the bearing parts 13.2, 14.1 may be seen directly.Furthermore, it may be seen that in the disassembled state, the jointyoke 2 is implemented from the two yoke parts 9.1 and 9.2 and the jointyoke 3 is implemented from the yoke parts 10.1, 10.2. The partitionpreferably occurs in the area of the plane of symmetry between the twoyoke parts 9.19.2 or 10.1, 10.2. These also form the connection orcoupling areas 17, 18 for the yoke parts 9.19.2 or 10.1, 10.2 in eachcase, which are preferably characterized, with symmetricalimplementation of the yoke parts 9.1, 9.2 and 10.1, 10.2, by a planewhich may be described by two perpendicular lines to the journal axis 7of the journals 5.1, 5.2 mounted in the joint yoke 2 or twoperpendicular lines to the journal axis 8 of the journal 6.1, 6.2mounted in the joint yoke 3. The connection plane is also characterizedby the joint yoke axis G and a line perpendicular thereto. The two yokeparts 9.1 and 9.2 or 10.1 and 10.2 are connected in a formfitting way toone another in the coupling areas 17, 18, so that a relative movement inthe direction parallel to the joint yoke axis G is avoided. The twoflange parts 11.1 and 11.2 or 12.1, 12.2 form, in the assembled statewhile forming the joint yokes 2 or 3, a flange 19 or 20 which is usedfor attachment to torque-transmitting or relaying elements. This isconnected to an attachment part on an adjoining shaft, which may lieboth on the drive side and also on the output side. For the attachment,means 25.1, 25.2 for connection to an attachment element are assigned tothe joint yokes 2 and 3 on the front side 21 or 22 directed toward theadjoining shaft, which are formed by the front sides 23.1, 23.2 and24.1, 24.2 of the two flange parts 11.1, 11.2 and 12.1, 12.2 directedaway from the bearing parts 13.1, 13.2 or 14.1, 14.2. These means may beimplemented in many forms. In the simplest case, they are implemented asdriver elements 26.1, 26.2 on the front sides 21 and 22, which allow arotationally fixed connection around the circumference. Preferably, thedriver elements 26.1, 26.2 are implemented as front serrations runningin the radial direction and oriented in the axial direction. Ininteraction with front serrations situated complementarily thereto onthe attachment part, these offer a frictional and self-centeringconnection. Furthermore, means 27.1, 27.2 for fixing in the axialdirection, which connect the joint yoke 2 or 3 to the shafts to beattached, are assigned to the joint yoke parts 2, 3 and the attachmentelements. In the simplest case, these comprise fasteners which aresituated in blind bores 28.1, 28.2, which carry threads, on the frontsides 21, 22 of the joint yokes 2, 3. According to the presentinvention, the two front sides 37.1, 37.2 and 38.1, 38.2, which pointtoward one another, and which are preferably oriented perpendicular tothe plane spanned by the driver elements 26.1, 26.2 and characterize theplane of partition or the coupling areas 17, 18 between the two yokeparts 9.1, 9.2 and 10.1, 10.2, also carry first teeth 33.11, 33.12,33.21, 33.22 or 34.11, 34.12, 34.21, 34.22. These teeth are eachsituated in the area of the external circumference of the yoke parts9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2 on the front sides 37.1, 37.2, 38.1, 38.2, whichpoint toward one another, of the base parts 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2 andextend in the direction toward the joint yoke axis G. The first teeth33.11, 33.12, 33.21, 33.22, 34.11, 34.12, 34.2.1, 34.22 are situated onfirst coupling faces 29.11, 29.12, 29.21, 29.22, 30.11, 30.12, 30.21,30.22 on the front sides 37.1, 37.2 or 38.1, 38.2, which form partialfaces thereof. The extensions of at least one flank line F_(L)characterizing these first teeth 33.11, 33.12, 33.21, 33.22, 34.11,34.12, 34.21, 34.22 on the coupling faces 29.11, 29.12, 29.21, 29.22,30.11, 30.12, 30.21, 30.21, 30.22 or, with implementation of these teethas spiral teeth, the extension of the secants through the end points ofthe flank line F_(L), form an angle of >0° to <180° with a plane whichis formed by the journal axis 7 or 8 of the journal 5.1, 5.2 or 6.1, 6.2mounted in the particular joint yoke parts 9.1, 9.2 or 10.1, 10.2 and ajoint yoke axis G coincident with an axis of rotation of the joint yoke2, 3. Preferably, the first teeth 33.11, 33.12, 33.21, 33.22, 34.11,34.12, 34.21, 34.22 each run perpendicular thereto and are implementedas linear front teeth. The tooth size of these first teeth 33.11, 33.12,33.21, 33.22, 34.11, 34.12, 34.21, 34.22 is preferably selected as equalto that of the front serrations on the bottom of the flange 19, 20. Theuse of identical tools may thus be ensured, which is reflected in moreeffective exploitation of the machinery already provided. Furthermore,to avoid micromovements between the individual joint yoke parts 9.1, 9.2or 10.1, 10.2 in the coupling areas 17 or 18, further second teeth 35.1,35.2 and 36.1, 36.2 are provided in each case on the coupling faces31.1, 31.2 and 32.1, 32.2, which are situated between the first teeth33.11 and 33.12 or 33.21 and 33.22 or 34.11 and 34.12 or 34.21 and 34.22on each base part 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, and 12.2 and are oriented at anangle to the first teeth 33.11, 33.12, 33.21, 33.22, 34.11, 34.12,34.21, 34.22. The extensions of the flank lines describing theorientation of the teeth 35.1, 35.2, 36.1, 36.2 or, with implementationas spiral teeth, the extensions of a secant through the end points of aflank line F_(L) of the second teeth 35.1, 35.2, 36.1, 36.2, aresituated at an angle between 70° and 110°, inclusive, to the extensionof a flank line of the first teeth 33.11, 33.12, 33.21, 33.22, 34.11,34.12, 34.21, 34.22 or, with spiral teeth, to the extension of a secantthrough the end points of a flank line F_(L) of the first teeth 33.11,33.12, 33.21, 33.22, 34.11, 34.12, 34.21, 34.22.

Furthermore, as already described, the individual yoke parts 9.1, 9.2,10.1, 10.2 comprise a flange part 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2 and a bearingpart 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 14.2 which forms a unit with the flange part11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2 and carries the bearing bore in the form of theblind bore 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2. This ensures a stiff bearingattachment construction. The clamping of the two yoke parts 9.1 and 9.2or 10.1, 10.2 against one another is typically performed by frictionalconnection elements 39, 40, formfitting elements also being conceivable.Bolt connections are preferably selected. This also applies analogouslyfor the fastening of the individual joint yoke 2 to the attachmentelements, in particular the adjoining shaft. At least one connectionelement of this type is provided. However, two are preferably selectedper joint yoke. These are identified by 39.1, 39.2 for the throughopenings on the joint yoke 2 and 40.1, 40.2 on the joint yoke 3.According to the present invention, the connection elements are laid inthe area of the center of gravity of the second teeth or are assigned tothe flange symmetrically in the direction toward the externalcircumference thereof. Only thus, in connection with the implementationof the transition from the bearing part to the flange part free ofconstrictions, i.e., implementation of the joint yoke having an integralflange, does the possibility result of uniform load of the second teethand also the first teeth.

The achievement of the object according to the present invention ischaracterized in that the overall space theoretically available for auniversal joint system may be exploited completely in an especiallyoptimal form here and, through a very compact construction, asuitability for heavy duty cardan shafts and thus for transmittinghigher torques may be provided. Because of the implementation of theflange parts 11.1, 11.2 or 12.1 and 12.2 as integral flanges 19, 20 witha direct transition free of undercuts or steps to the bearing parts13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 14.2, this embodiment is characterized by a lowmanufacturing outlay since this component may be produced simply.Furthermore, the implementation of the journal cross as the journalcross 4 having offset journals and the complementary teeth 22 in theplanes of partition contributes thereto.

List of reference numbers  1 universal joint system  2 joint yoke  3joint yoke  4 journal cross  5.1, 5.2 journal  6.1, 6.2 journal  7journal axis  8 journal axis 9.1, 9.2 yoke part 10.1, 10.2 yoke part11.1, 11.2 flange part 12.1, 12.2 flange part 13.1, 13.2 bearing part14.1, 14.2 bearing part 15.1, 15.2 blind bore 16.1, 16.2 blind bore 17coupling area 18 coupling area 19 flange 20 flange 21 front side 22front side 22.1, 23.2 front side 24.1, 24.2 front side 25.1, 25.2 meansfor implementing a torque transmission around the circumference 26.1,26.2 driver elements 27.1, 27.2 means for axial fixing betweenattachment element and joint yoke 28.1, 28.2 means for axial fixingbetween attachment element and joint yoke 29.11, 29.12 29.21, 29.22coupling face 30.11, 30.12 30.21, 30.22 coupling face 31.1., 31.2 coupling face 32.1, 32.2 coupling face 33.11, 33.12 first teeth 33.21,33.22 first teeth 34.11, 34.12 first teeth 34.21, 34.22 first teeth 35second teeth 36 second teeth 37.1, 37.2 front side 38.1, 38.2 front side39, 39.1, 39.2 connection element 40, 40.1, 40.2 connection element

1. A universal joint system (1) for use in cardan shafts, in particularheavy duty cardan shafts; having a journal cross (4), which is mountedin two joint yokes (2, 3) situated offset by 90° to one another; eachjoint yoke (2, 3) comprises two joint yoke parts (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2);each joint yoke part (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) comprises a base part (11.1,11.2, 12.1, 12.2) and a bearing part (13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 14.2) formounting the journals (5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2) of a journal cross (4); eachindividual face part (11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2) carries, on the front side(21, 22) pointing away from the bearing part (13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 14.2),means for coupling with complementary means in the form of driverelement (26.1, 26.2) on the attachment element; the joint yoke parts(9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) have, in the area of their base parts (11.1,11.2, 12.1, 12.2), coupling areas (17, 18) forming coupling faces(29.11, 29.12, 29.21, 29.22, 30.11, 30.12, 30.21, 30.22, 31.1, 31.2,32.1, 32.2) which are connectable to one another in a formfitting way,the coupling areas (17, 18) being characterized by a plane which isoriented perpendicular to the plane spanned by the driver elements(26.1, 26.2); the base parts. (11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2) of the joint yokeparts (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) have, on their coupling face (29.11, 29.12,29.21, 29.22, 30.11, 30.12, 30.21, 30.22, 31.1, 31.2, 32.1, 32.2)pointing toward the base part (11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2) of the particularother joint yoke part (10.1, 10.2, 9.1, 9.2), first teeth (33.11, 33.12,33.21, 33.22, 34.11, 34.12, 34.21, 34.22) which are complementary to oneanother; the extensions of at least one flank line (F_(L))characterizing the first teeth (33.11, 33.12, 33.21, 33.22, 34.11,34.12, 34.21, 34.22) on the coupling face or, with spiral teeth, theextension of the secants through the endpoints of the flank line (F_(L))form an angle of >0° to <180° with a plane which is formed by thejournal axis (7) of the journal (5.1, 5.2) mounted in a joint yoke part(9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) and a joint yoke axis (G) coincident with an axisof rotation of the joint yoke (2, 3); having further second teeth (35.1,35.2) implemented on each of the coupling faces pointing toward oneanother in the area of the joint yoke axis (G); the extensions of theflank lines of the second teeth (35.1, 35.2) describing the orientationof the teeth or, with implementation as spiral teeth, the extension of asecant through the endpoints of a flank line (F_(L)) of the second teeth(35.1, 35.2) are situated at an angle between 70° and 110°, inclusive,to the extension of a flank line of the first teeth (33.11, 33.12,33.21, 33.22, 34.11, 34.12, 34.21, 34.22) or, with spiral teeth, to theextension of a secant through the endpoints of a flank line (F_(L)) ofthe first teeth (33.11, 33.12, 33.21, 33.22, 34.11, 34.12, 34.21,34.22); the individual base part (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) is implementedas an integral flange and adjoins the bearing part (11.1, 11.2, 12.1,12.2) without steps; the journal cross (4) comprises two journalssystems situated 90° offset to one another made of two journals (5.1,5.2, 6.1, 6.2) situated 180° offset to one another and situated on ashared axis, which are situated in planes parallel to one another; eachindividual bearing part (13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 14.2) for receiving thejournals (5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2) is implemented having a blind bore (15.1,15.2, 16.1, 16.2); the joint yoke parts of a joint yoke are connected toone another in the area of the base part (11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2) viaconnection elements, the connection elements extending through the basepart in the area of the center of gravity of the second teeth.
 2. Theuniversal joint system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe individual coupling faces (29.11, 29.12, 29.21, 29.22, 30.11, 30.12,30.21, 30.22, 31.1, 31.2, 32.1, 32.2), carrying the first (33.11, 33.12,33.21, 33.22, 34.11, 34.12, 34.21, 34.22) and second teeth (35.1, 35.2,36.1, 36.2), of each joint yoke part (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) are situatedin one plane.
 3. The universal joint system (1) according to claim 1,characterized in that the individual coupling faces (29.11, 29.12,29.21, 29.22, 30.11, 30.12, 30.21, 30.22, 31.1, 31.2, 32.1, 32.2) forthe first (33.11, 33.12, 33.21, 33.22, 34.11, 34.12, 34.21, 34.22) andsecond teeth (35.1, 35.2, 36.1, 36.2) of each joint yoke part (9.1, 9.2,10.1, 10.2) are situated in different planes.
 4. The universal jointsystem (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the extension ofthe flank lines (F_(L)) of the first teeth (33.11, 33.12, 33.21, 33.22,34.11, 34.12, 34.21, 34.22) or, with spiral teeth, the secant throughthe endpoints of the flank line (F_(L)) run perpendicular to a planewhich is characterized by the journal axis (7, 8) of the journal (5.1,5.2, 6.1, 6.2) mounted in the joint yoke (2, 3) and a joint yoke axis(G) coincident with an axis of rotation of the joint yoke (2, 3).
 5. Theuniversal joint system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that,on the front side (23.1, 23.2, 24.1, 24.2) of the base part (11.1, 11.2,12.1, 12.2) pointing away from the bearing part (13.1, 13.2, 14.1,14.2), means (25.1, 25.2, 26.1, 26.2, 27.1, 27.2, 28.1, 28.2) areprovided for coupling with complementary means on an attachment elementfor torque transmission to the attachment element and for centeringattachment element and base part (11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2) to avoid arelative movement in a plane which characterizes the coupling areabetween joint yoke part (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) and attachment elementand is oriented perpendicular to the plane which is formed by thejournal axis (7, 8) of the journal (5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2) mounted in thejoint yoke part (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) and the joint yoke axis (G)coincident with the axis of rotation of the joint yoke (2, 3).
 6. Theuniversal joint system (1) according to claim 5, characterized in thatthe means (25.1, 25.2, 26.1, 26.2, 27.1, 27.2, 28.1, 28.2) comprise atleast one axially oriented front teeth or front serrations implementedin at least segments over the entire circumference on the front side(23.1, 23.2, 24.1, 24.2) of the base part (11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2)facing away from the bearing part (13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 14.2) and runningin the radial direction.
 7. The universal joint system (1) according toclaim 5, characterized in that the means (25.1, 25.2, 26.1, 26.2, 27.1,27.2, 28.1, 28.2) for coupling with complementary means on an attachmentelement (25) comprise blind bores (28.1, 28.2), carrying threads, on thebase part (11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2), which are oriented parallel to thejoint axis (G).
 8. The universal joint system (1) according to claim 1,characterized in that the extension of the flank lines (F_(L)) of thesecond teeth (31.1, 31.2, 32.1, 32.2) or, with spiral teeth, the secantthrough the endpoints of a flank line of the second teeth (31.1, 31.2,32.1, 32.2) runs parallel to the joint yoke axis (G).
 9. The universaljoint system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a spacingof specific size, which is formed by a surface area implemented free ofteeth, is provided in each case between the second teeth (31.1, 31.2,32.1, 32.2) and the first teeth (33.11, 33.12, 33.21, 33.22, 34.11,34.12, 34.21, 34.22) on the front side (37.1, 37.2, 38.1, 38.2).
 10. Theuniversal joint system (1) according to claim 1, characterized by thefollowing features: the second teeth (31.1, 31.2, 32.1, 32.2) on eachjoint yoke part (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) comprise two sets of partialteeth—first partial teeth and second partial teeth; the two sets ofpartial teeth are situated at a distance from the joint yoke axis (G).11. The universal joint system (1) according to claim 1, characterizedin that the axial offset of the individual journal axes of the journalsystem (5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2) of the journal cross (4) mounted in a jointyoke are in a range of Rota/5 to Rota/7, inclusive, Rota characterizingthe rotational diameter.
 12. The universal joint system (1) according toclaim 2, characterized in that the extension of the flank lines (F_(L))of the first teeth (33.11, 33.12, 33.21, 33.22, 34.11, 34.12, 34.21,34.22) or, with spiral teeth, the secant through the endpoints of theflank line (F_(L)) run perpendicular to a plane which is characterizedby the journal axis (7, 8) of the journal (5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2) mountedin the joint yoke (2, 3) and a joint yoke axis (G) coincident with anaxis of rotation of the joint yoke (2, 3).
 13. The universal jointsystem (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the extension ofthe flank lines (F_(L)) of the first teeth (33.11, 33.12, 33.21, 33.22,34.11, 34.12, 34.21, 34.22) or, with spiral teeth, the secant throughthe endpoints of the flank line (F_(L)) run perpendicular to a planewhich is characterized by the journal axis (7, 8) of the journal (5.1,5.2, 6.1, 6.2) mounted in the joint yoke (2, 3) and a joint yoke axis(G) coincident with an axis of rotation of the joint yoke (2, 3). 14.The universal joint system (1) according to claim 2, characterized inthat, on the front side (23.1, 23.2, 24.1, 24.2) of the base part (11.1,11.2, 12.1, 12.2) pointing away from the bearing part (13.1, 13.2, 14.1,14.2), means (25.1, 25.2, 26.1, 26.2, 27.1, 27.2, 28.1, 28.2) areprovided for coupling with complementary means on an attachment elementfor torque transmission to the attachment element and for centeringattachment element and base part (11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2) to avoid arelative movement in a plane which characterizes the coupling areabetween joint yoke part (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) and attachment elementand is oriented perpendicular to the plane which is formed by thejournal axis (7, 8) of the journal (5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2) mounted in thejoint yoke part (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) and the joint yoke axis (G)coincident with the axis of rotation of the joint yoke (2, 3).
 15. Theuniversal joint system (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that,on the front side (23.1, 23.2, 24.1, 24.2) of the base part (11.1, 11.2,12.1, 12.2) pointing away from the bearing part (13.1, 13.2, 14.1,14.2), means (25.1, 25.2, 26.1, 26.2, 27.1, 27.2, 28.1, 28.2) areprovided for coupling with complementary means on an attachment elementfor torque transmission to the attachment element and for centeringattachment element and base part (11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2) to avoid arelative movement in a plane which characterizes the coupling areabetween joint yoke part (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) and attachment elementand is oriented perpendicular to the plane which is formed by thejournal axis (7, 8) of the journal (5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2) mounted in thejoint yoke part (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) and the joint yoke axis (G)coincident with the axis of rotation of the joint yoke (2, 3).
 16. Theuniversal joint system (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that,on the front side (23.1, 23.2, 24.1, 24.2) of the base part (11.1, 11.2,12.1, 12.2) pointing away from the bearing part (13.1, 13.2, 14.1,14.2), means (25.1, 25.2, 26.1, 26.2, 27.1, 27.2, 28.1, 28.2) areprovided for coupling with complementary means on an attachment elementfor torque transmission to the attachment element and for centeringattachment element and base part (11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2) to avoid arelative movement in a plane which characterizes the coupling areabetween joint yoke part (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) and attachment elementand is oriented perpendicular to the plane which is formed by thejournal axis (7, 8) of the journal (5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2) mounted in thejoint yoke part (9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2) and the joint yoke axis (G)coincident with the axis of rotation of the joint yoke (2, 3).
 17. Theuniversal joint system (1) according to claim 6, characterized in thatthe means (25.1, 25.2, 26.1, 26.2, 27.1, 27.2, 28.1, 28.2) for couplingwith complementary means on an attachment element (25) comprise blindbores (28.1, 28.2), carrying threads, on the base part (11.1, 11.2,12.1, 12.2), which are oriented parallel to the joint axis (G).
 18. Theuniversal joint system (1) according to claim 2, characterized in thatthe extension of the flank lines (F_(L)) of the second teeth (31.1,31.2, 32.1, 32.2) or, with spiral teeth, the secant through theendpoints of a flank line of the second teeth (31.1, 31.2, 32.1, 32.2)runs parallel to the joint yoke axis (G).
 19. The universal joint system(1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the extension of theflank lines (F_(L)) of the second teeth (31.1, 31.2, 32.1, 32.2) or,with spiral teeth, the secant through the endpoints of a flank line ofthe second teeth (31.1, 31.2, 32.1, 32.2) runs parallel to the jointyoke axis (G).
 20. The universal joint system (1) according to claim 4,characterized in that the extension of the flank lines (F_(L)) of thesecond teeth (31.1, 31.2, 32.1, 32.2) or, with spiral teeth, the secantthrough the endpoints of a flank line of the second teeth (31.1, 31.2,32.1, 32.2) runs parallel to the joint yoke axis (G).